WS3B Oscilloscope Pattren Capture (Two Channels)

WS3B Lab Scope
Make & Model: Toyota 4A - FE engine
Signal Name: MAp analuge Signal aginst Injectors.
Volt/division/ range: A: 0.5V channel B : 20V
Time/division/range: 10 ms

This test was done with engine idling. A channel is hooked up to MAP and has 0.5V divisions. B channel is hooked up to an injector and has 20V divisions. Point A on the photo is the voltage signal from the from the (MAP) manifold absolute pressure sensor. It is approx. 0.5V wile idling. Point B is the injector turn on this is about 20ms the voltage is 0v because the injectors are earth triggered. Point C is the injector opening time because this ggronding. Point D high voltage spike,by is generated by the collopsing magnitic filed within injectorwinding shows the injector closed it has just nearlrly 50V, and point C back to EMF.

Explain in detail how these two components relate to each other.

The MAP sensor measures intake manifold pressure and this is directly related to engine load. The voltage signal sent from the MAP sensor is used by the ECU which interprets any change in voltage as a change in pressure. This helps the ECU calculate how long to open the injectors in varying engine loads.

Signal Name: RPM (analuge voltage against Injector.
Volt/division/range; A RPm, 2V, channel B injector 20V
Time/division/range: 10 ms

Channal B arrow D the injector turrned on, arrow F gornding in this point injector open spray time because injector is negative trigger, arrow C high voltage injector turn closed , arrow C back to EMF. ChanalA RPM waveform peak to peak voltage arrow E to D

RPM sensor and injector. Common thing in both of them is that they start to open and ignite spark plug faster with increase of RPM's, so frequency increases. If injector not working properly or fuel pressure is low or high, it will make engine misfire or have a flat spots in acceleration. Same as spark plugs ignites at the wrong time they can cause detonation in the engine and damage it.

RPM sensor or distributor magnitec pickup and injuctor , if we increase rpm we can see that friquncy for rpm sensor and injector increases that because engine uning faster injecter need fuel spray faster and also fast sparking.

Signal Name: Oxyg;en Sensor against Injectors.

Volt/division/range : channal A O2 sensor 1V, channal B fuel injector 20V.

Time/division/range; 10 ms

Channel A is the oxygen sensor point A is approx 0.1v this means air/fuel mix is lean and point B 0.5v meaning the air/fuel mix is richer.The O2 sensor waveform is straight because i had set the voltage range per divsion 1 volt taht shuold be high for O2 sensor . If i set low voltage and low time than i could not catch good pattren for the injector. Channel B is the injector  you can still see where the injector is opening at point C injector ON time means turn on, and bottom arrow  when the voltage drops to 0v because they are earth triggered. Point D is colopsing voltage because the high voltage is generated by the colopsing magnitec fild.

Explain in detail how these two components relate to each other.

When the engine is warm and go's into closed loop operation the oxygen sensor will start cycling between slightly rich air/fuel mixture and slightly lean air/fuel mixture. This voltage signal from the oxygen sensor in part will be used to calculate how long the fuel injectors should be open

Some more explanition:

The O2 sensor is very important this control of exhaust emmission in catalytic equipped vehicle.

The sensor have varying electrical conniction it is creat to oxygen in the exhaust system, will produce a samal voltage depend an Air/fuel mixture set at time.

The voltage rang seen in the most cases vary between 0.2V to 0.9V at 0.2V indicated a lean mexture , and 0.8v indicated a rich mixture.

A vihecle equpped with lambda sensor said to have close loop , this means that after the fuel has burnet during the cumbustion prosces, the sensor will analyses the emmission and adjust the engine fullrity accordaaingle.

Signal Name: Ignation Primary against Fuel injectors:

Voltage/divsion/range: cahanal A, Ignation 20V, channal B injector 20V

Time/division/range; 10 ms

Channel B is the injector signal, at point E the injector opens for 6ms then at point F the injector closes and you can see the back EMF of approx 55v. Channel A is ignition primary you can see the coil is grounded about 10ms after the injectors opened at point E Point A is the ignaatio ON time, at point B is the firng voltage, atpointC is dweel time wich coil is grounding and burning voltrage wich i dont mark it, it after firing voltage.  

Explain in detail how these two components relate to each other.

Because the primary coil is the first part of stepping up the battery voltage for the spark needed for ignition the injector and the coil need to have very precise timing.

WS8 Primmary & Secondary Ignition Patterns

WS8 Primary & Secondary Ignition Pattren
Make & Model : Toyota 4A - FE engine

Cyl # 1	Cyl # 2	Cyl # 3	Cyl # 4	Primary Ignition
257 volts	257.4 volts	257.4 volts	257.4 volts	Firing Voltage
24.1 volts	24.1 volts	24.1 volts	24.1 volts	Burning Voltage
1.25 ms	1.26 ms	1.25 ms	1.25 ms	Burn Time
6.70 ms	6.40 ms	6.70 ms	6.70 ms	Dwell Time

In the illustration shown, the horizontal voltage line (primary Sparkline) in the centre of the oscilloscope is at fairly constant voltage of approximately 24 volts, which then drops sharply into what is referred to as the Coil Oscillations. The length of the afore mentioned line is the ‘Spark Duration’ or ‘Burn Time’, which in this particular case is 1.25 ms
The high vertical line at the centre of the trace is over 257 volts, this is called the 'induced voltage'.
All these sections of the primary trace are also illustration in individual waveforms listed in the menu. The coil’s High Tension (HT) output will be proportional to the induced voltage. The height of the induced voltage is sometimes referred to as the primary peak volts
A low (0 - 50) voltage scale is required to observe the sparkline and the coil oscillation, while a higher voltage of 0 - 400 volts will require the to check the induced voltage.

20 Secondary Voltage Patterns



Cyl # 1	Cyl # 2	Cyl # 3	Cyl # 4	Secondary Ignition
5.2 KV	5.2 KV	5.2 KV	5.2 KV	Firing Voltage ( KV)
1.28 ms	1.28 ms	1.28 ms	1.28 ms	Burn Time (MS)
2.8 KV	2.8 KV	2.8KV	2.8 KV	Snap Acceleration

The waveform is an individual secondary High Tension (HT) picture that can be observed one cylinder at a time. This secondary waveform shows the initial voltage to jump the plug gap, know as the ‘Plug Kv’ then shows the length of time that the HT is flowing across the spark plugs electrode plug gap. This time is referred to as either the ‘Burn Time’ or the ‘Spark Duration’.
In the illustration shown it can be seen that the horziontal voltage line (Sparkline) in the centre of the oscilloscope is at fairly constant voltage of approximately 5 Kilo volts (Kv), which then drops sharply into what is referred to as the ‘Coil Oscillations’.
The coil oscillation should display a minimum number of peaks (both upper and lower) and a minimum of 4 - 5 should be seen. A loss of peaks on this oscillation shows that the coil needs substituting.
The period between the coil oscillation and the next ‘drop down’ is when the coil is at rest and there is no voltage in the coils secondary.
The ‘drop down’ is referred to as the ‘Polarity Peak’ and produces a small oscillation in the opposite direction to the plug firing voltage. This is due to the initial switching on of the coil’s primary current.
The voltage within the coil is only released at the correct point of ignition and the HT spark ignites the air/fuel mixture.

Waveform of secondary ignition , disconnect one spark plug and short to the engine;

The plug firing voltage is the voltage required to jump and bridge the gap at the plug’s electrode. Commonly known as the ‘Plug Kv’ (Kilo Volts).
The plug Kv’s will be increased by:
Large plug gaps
A large rotor air gap
A break in a plug lead
A break in the king lead
Worn spark plugs
A lean mixture
Rotor to reluctor misalignment
We can see on that picture waveform , the plug wich i disconnected the voltage is increased to 19 KV .A high resistance in the High Tension (HT) lead or the coil lead will not alter the plug Kv (however an increase in sparkline Kv will be evident). An open circuit lead will increase both the plug Kv and the sparkline Kv

At next vidio we can see the big gap of sprk plug , big gap need high burn vltage but short burn voltage .

 

WS7 Exhaust Gas Analysis (Petrol only)

WS7 Exhaust Gas Analysis (Petrol only)

1.With the analyser probe senseng normal air, what are the four Gas 

readings? Record the amount and then what it means:

CO ..0.00% means: This means concentration of CO the air

.....................................................................................................................

HC ..- 5 ppm means:This means concentration HC in air

.....................................................................................................................

CO2 ..0.02% means: Quantity of CO2 in the

.....................................................................................................................

O2 ..0.02%  means  concentration of O2 in air

.....................................................................................................................

2. Start the engineidling cold, and record the Four Gas readings

Explain what is happening within the engine referring to the four gases:

CO 0.32% HC274ppm CO14.62% O2 0.32%

In this test CO is 0.32% it is means the engine not burn hot , HC274ppm little high , CO2 is 14.62% , O2 0.32% that means the engine is runing little reach but is Ok the engine is cold in this case good cumbustion for that cold engine.

3 When the engine has warmed up, record the four gas reading :
Explain what is happining within the engine referring to the four gases;
Co 1.83% HC 591ppm CO2 12.676% O22.79%

Co is high , HC, and O2 are also hohigh if compear with last the engine is runiong in this case rich

4 At 2500 RPM warm engine recording :

CO 2.167% HC 372 ppm CO2 13.42% O2 0.17%

In this record the level of CO high more than idle , but the HC level is low now O2 is also this ok ,because the cumustion burned air fuel mixter exhaust emission is good at this condition.

At idle creat lean condition with air leak or vacum leak recrding of the four gases is belw;

CO 3.127% HC 776ppm CO2 12.21% O2 1.2%

The HC is high the engine is runing rich we can see the level of O2 is wet up in test

8 Disconnect the one spark p;ug wire and ground it with ajumper wire , the recording four gases are below:
CO 0.50% HC 1686 ppm CO2 0.606% O2 3.61%

High HC and O2 that cause be unburn fuel in one cylender lower CO2 and CO are because catlaytic convintion of conventer.

9 Disconnected one harness of fuel injector and the record of this test is beloow ;
CO 0.114% HC 153ppm CO2 11.84% O2 4.86%

In test test we can the changing from beffore the level of HC and CO are lower but the level of O2 and CO2 higher .
Because one cylender fuel injector is disconnected not injeced the feel engine runing heat that way the level of CO2 is high also engine runing rich.

10 OPtional change the engine at idle , turn on the AC and turn the steering record of four gases:
Co 0.119 HC 22ppm CO2 14.49% O2 0.58%

With steering wheel Turning and AC on more power need to do so the compenstate this need and engine work hard need mre fuel but engine at idle not more air com entire throogh the throttle , that way HC burning properly , but CO2 is high cause high cumbustion and more CO in exhaust cause of low O2 convent into CO2 by the CAT.

10. Explain the different readings you would get from a vehicle with a catalytic converter and a vehicle without one and why?

With vehicle having catalytic converter, the CO and O2 values would be low and CO2 value would be high but the vehicle without it would have CO and O2 values high in the exhaust gas and CO2 would be low

 

 

12.  On lambda, O2 sensors why do they have 1,2,3,4 or 5 wires and what do these extra wires do?

 

The vehicle which we test the gases exhaust emmission has the O2 sensor four wires . One wire is ground , one for heater , one reffrince or volt supplay from ECU, and the forth one is signal to ECU.

 



WS5 Scan Tool Diagnostics

WS5 Scan Toll Diagnostics



I had used my car for scanning in workshop 

It is Toyota Vista 1999

Conecter for scan tool in vehecle under steering in dash board.

Type of information PID=Parameter Identification	Letter to Describe it E.G TPS	Valve of data	Units for Data E.G volts
Engine load (how much air comes in)	IAT	29.9%	Percentage %
Engine RPM	RPM	982 RPM	RPM
Throttle angle	TPS	13.6%	degree
Engine Coolant temperature	ECT	55 c	degree
Intake air temperature	IAT	23c	degree
Fuel injector opening pulse	PWM	0.9 s	Mille seconds
Transmit ion select position	TSP	0
Vehicle speed		0 km	KM
Oxygen sensor	O2	0.775v	volts
Fuel term	FTFT	Short fuel term -18.0% Long fulel term -3.2%	Parentage%
Idle control	Id	on
Power steering condition	PS	on
Air conditioning condition	AC	On/off
Exhaust Gas recirculation	EGR	Zero step

Fuel Evap or purge
conditin                                   off
Malfunction indicator
light                                         off

Live data on scan tool engine run at idle recording up chart.


2. Trouble Codes or Faults Codes
I cold not find any trouble codes in this scanning

The scan tool show in this picture no trouble code.


Now i,m going to disconnect on of the sensor then lets see what scan tool tell us.

I disconnected the engine coolant temperature sensor lets see in next step what scan tool tell us.

Now i found the fault code and recorded in chart below.

Code number	System affected	Condition described
PO115	Engine Coolant Temperature sensor	The coolant fan on full time

Find What Data Has Changed
5.1 Look through the scan tool data to see what PIDs
(Parameter Identification of system voltages) have changed.
Which readings don’t make sense or don’t read what you
would expect. Concentrate on the PIDs related to the codes.
5.2 Record the PIDs that have changed below

Type of information (PID= Parameter identification	Letter to describe it	Valve of data	Units for data
Fuel injector	FI	1 ms	ms
Short fuel term	FTSFT	-0.7%	%
Coolant temperature	ECT	-40 c	C

Visual Inspection to find fault
6.1 Do a visual inspection under the hood to find where the
problem is. Use information from the code to know where to
look for the problem and what type of problem to look for.
Describe problem you found
Yes , the Coolant Temperature senor is disconnected.

Repair fault
7.1 Plug back in the connector, or repair problem found
7.2 Describe what you did
Reconnected the the senor 



Recheck Data PIDs
8.1 Recheck the data with the scan tool
8.2 Record the voltages for the PIDs related to the problem, to
confirm they are back to normal

Type of information (PID= Parameter identification	Letter to describe it	Valve of data	Units for data
Fuel injector	FI	0.8	ms
Short fuel term	FTSFT	-3.2	%
Coolant temperature	ECT	86 c degrre	C

9 Clear Codes
Describe what you did to clear codes:


I have cleared the faults code po11 which is the coolant temperature sensor, also the coolant fan referred to normal on/off position automatically where it was full time on when the coolant temperature was disconnected.
10 Recheck for codes and record codes in system now:
I have erase the fault code and check again with scan tool there is no trouble code.

We can see on dash board there is flashing any light means no trouble code , i toke this picture after erased ttruble code.


11 Discuss the importance live data when fault finding.
The live data is very important we find a lot of problem , the live data shows us fuel long, short tirm ,signal out of sensors in different condition of engine like different RPM .
for example engine urning rich or lean , output signal of all sensors , battery voltage, other devices like AC, power sterring condition , and other electric faults , but it is very important we have to know abut the all of these component .  For example how much is output voltage of TPS in different throotlle angle and how is the O2 sensor signal output and how related with each other then we can find easy the problem. I think this is very useful tool in automotive industry .


13 Discuss how a scan tool can aid you when fault finding
The scan tool is very helpul tool to find the problem, the faults code just tells us that sensor or that seloniod or that that circuit short or groding , they just give us the fault code number or tell us the problem .
After that we find the problem we need to check that componint with visual test test with other tester like multimeter or other testet equamponit then we can deside whats wrong, any way we can find with this tool very quick the promlem in short time, and also know the fault code number if we have no idea we should follow the manufacture data sheet . 


At below the video we can watch how i set the scan tool to find the fault cod in my car.